Are fibroids more common in Black women?

Uterine fibroids are benign growths of the uterus that can appear at any point during the reproductive years. While fibroids affect many people, research shows they disproportionately impact Black women. Through their reproductive years, 80-90% of Black women may have fibroids compared to 70% of white women.  

At IVF Florida, our team is dedicated to equitable, patient-centered support so you can make informed decisions with confidence. 

What are uterine fibroids? 

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous tumors in the muscular wall of the uterus. Fibroids can vary in size and number ranging from tiny nodules to large masses. Many are asymptomatic, but others lead to symptoms that affect daily life, sexual health, and fertility.  

Fibroids are classified by location: 

• Intramural: grow within the uterine muscle 
• Submucosal: protrude into the uterine cavity and can cause heavy bleeding and infertility 
• Subserosal: grow on the outer surface and may press on nearby organs such as the bladder 
• Pedunculated: attached by a stalk that can twist and cause pain 

Common symptoms include heavy or prolonged periods, passing clots, pelvic pressure or pain, frequent urination, constipation, back or leg pain, painful intercourse, and reproductive challenges like infertility or recurrent miscarriage. Untreated heavy bleeding can cause anemia, and fibroids may complicate pregnancy depending on their size and location. 

Are fibroids more common in Black women? 

Multiple studies confirm that Black women are diagnosed with fibroids at higher rates than white, Hispanic, and Asian women. In fact, by the end of their reproductive years, 80-90% of Black women will have had a fibroid.  

Black women also tend to develop fibroids earlier, typically have more numerous and larger fibroids, and experience more severe symptoms.  

In addition to fibroids being more common in Black women, they may also face higher recurrence rates after treatment.  

Beyond prevalence, symptom burden and the type of care received can differ. Fibroids in Black women often present with heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and anemia. They are 2 to 3 times more likely to undergo hysterectomy compared to other racial groups, reflecting both biological influences and systemic barriers. These disparities underscore the importance of early evaluation, clear education, and access to comprehensive, culturally competent care. 

Barriers that affect diagnosis and care 

Black women with fibroids frequently face obstacles that delay effective diagnosis and treatment, such as: 

•     Limited access to specialized gynecology services 

•     Insurance coverage variability and costs 

•     Implicit bias and communication gaps in healthcare 

•     Lower awareness of early symptoms and treatment options 

•     Work and childcare constraints affect scheduling 

Addressing these barriers requires early evaluation, education, and support to navigate logistics, aiming to reduce symptoms and expand treatment options. 

Biological factors behind higher rates of fibroids in Black women 

Several biological factors may contribute to higher fibroid rates in Black women: 

• Genetics: Family history and genetic variations can increase risk. 
• Hormonal influences: Differences in hormone metabolism may affect growth. 
• Vitamin D deficiency: Common in individuals with darker skin, linked to increased risk. 
• Lifestyle factors: Stress, diet, and obesity can influence hormonal balance 

Some studies suggest uterine fibroids in Black women may have distinct biological signatures, potentially explaining earlier onset and greater symptom burden. Continued research and clinical trials are essential to advance targeted therapies and improve outcomes. 

Treatment options for uterine fibroids  

The best approach depends on symptoms, fibroid size and location, reproductive goals, and overall health. Many patients begin with medical therapy with their gynecologist and progress to minimally invasive or surgical options as needed. Our goal is to provide clarity, reduce symptoms, and protect your future fertility whenever possible. 

Some treatment options include: 

• Anti-inflammatory medications 
• Hormonal contraceptives 
• Myomectomy, a surgical procedure to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus 
• IVF 

Choosing the right path involves shared decision-making. We consider symptom severity, recovery time, impact on fertility, and personal preferences to design a plan that meets your needs today and supports your long-term family-building goals. 

IVF Florida’s commitment to fertility equity and patient-centered care 

IVF Florida is dedicated to inclusive, evidence-based care for every patient. Through FertilityEquity™, we focus on reducing barriers, and ensuring providers and staff are trained in care that address disparities in fertility treatment.   

Overall, Black women are twice as likely to face infertility compared to their white peers. And yet, Black women are 6 times more likely to have difficulty finding a physician with whom they feel comfortable. Our commitment is to listen, learn, and take meaningful action to ensure every patient feels supported through their fertility journey.  

Taking the next step 

If you suspect fibroids or have been diagnosed and are weighing options, early evaluation can make a meaningful difference. A tailored plan can relieve symptoms, protect uterine health, and support future pregnancy. Whether you’re ready to pursue treatment or seeking a second opinion, IVF Florida offers experienced specialists, advanced diagnostics, and compassionate guidance. 

Medically reviewed by Laurice Bou Nemer, M.D.

Sources: 

1. NIH: The Health Disparities of Uterine Fibroids for African American Women: A Public Health Issue 
2. Johns Hopkins: Fibroids  
3. Fertility Equity  
4. USA Fibroid Centers