Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common—but often misunderstood—causes of female infertility. It’s a hormonal condition that can affect ovulation, menstrual regularity, and egg quality. While every patient’s experience with PCOS is unique, it’s a highly treatable condition with a wide range of fertility options available.
What is PCOS?
PCOS is a complex hormonal imbalance that affects how the ovaries function. People with PCOS may produce higher-than-average levels of androgens (often called “male” hormones), which can disrupt ovulation and lead to small cyst-like follicles on the ovaries. These follicles contain immature eggs that may not develop properly or be released during ovulation. Any disruption in ovulation can impact fertility success.
You don’t need to have cysts on your ovaries to be diagnosed with PCOS. The condition presents differently in each person and often changes over time.
What causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is still unknown, but several factors may contribute:
- Insulin resistance: Many individuals with PCOS have insulin resistance, which can lead to higher insulin levels that affect hormone production and ovulation.
- Hormonal imbalance: Elevated levels of androgens can interfere with the development and release of eggs.
- Genetics: PCOS often runs in families, suggesting a hereditary component.
Lifestyle factors such as weight and metabolic health may influence symptoms, but PCOS is a medical condition—not something caused by diet or personal habits.
How PCOS affects fertility
Ovulation is essential for conception, and PCOS is one of the leading causes of irregular or absent ovulation (anovulation). Without regular ovulation, there may be fewer opportunities to conceive naturally.
PCOS may also affect:
- Egg development and quality
- Menstrual cycle regularity
- Endometrial health (the uterine lining where a fertilized embryo implants)
Despite these challenges, most individuals with PCOS are able to conceive with the right treatment and support.
How PCOS is diagnosed
Diagnosis is based on a combination of symptoms, hormone levels, and imaging. Your fertility specialist may recommend:
- Bloodwork to evaluate hormone levels, including androgens and insulin
- Pelvic ultrasound to assess the number and appearance of ovarian follicles
- Discussion of symptoms, such as irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, or weight changes
- Tests to rule out other issues that can mimic PCOS
Treatment options for PCOS
Fertility treatment for PCOS is personalized and often highly effective. Your care team will recommend options based on your reproductive goals, age, and response to medication. These may include:
- Lifestyle support: Nutritional counseling and gentle activity can help regulate insulin and hormones, especially when combined with medical treatment.
- Ovulation induction: Medications like letrozole or clomiphene citrate stimulate ovulation in people who aren’t ovulating regularly.
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI): May be recommended in conjunction with ovulation induction to increase the chances of fertilization.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF): Offers greater control over ovulation and embryo development and may be especially helpful for those who don’t respond to other treatments.
With early diagnosis and personalized care, most patients with PCOS are able to grow their families. The team at IVF Florida will work closely with you to create a plan that meets your needs, supports your health, and prioritizes your goals.
Words can’t fully express our gratitude. Thank you for helping make our dream of a family come true—we will forever be grateful.